3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸含量测定方法的研究

比较了采用高效液相色谱法和化学滴定法2种方法测定3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸的含量,提出了测定操作的实验条件,并对测定结果进行统计分析,以判断和评价2种方法的准确性和实用性。经过Grubbs检验表明2种方法的测定数据均无异常值;通过偏态系数和峰态系数来检验方法的正态性分布,统计结果表明2种方法均遵从正态分布;同时进行了2种方法测定值的均数检验（t检验）,结果表明二者的测定值无显著性差异。高效液相色谱法的测定值有更高的准确度和精密度,可以作为首选,在不具备色谱仪的情况下也可使用化学滴定法。     

甲基橙印迹磁性壳聚糖聚合物的制备及吸附特性

以通过溶胶-凝胶法自制的Fe₃O₄@壳聚糖（CTS）微球为载体,甲基橙（MO）为模板分子,采用水溶液聚合法制得磁性壳聚糖表面分子印迹聚合物（MMIPs）。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和VSM表征了MMIPs的结构和性能,并探究了其对MO的识别与选择性吸附特性。研究表明：与非印迹聚合物（NIMPs,饱和吸附量为20.56 mg/g）相比,在相同条件（pH值6.5、25℃）下,MMIPs对MO具有明显的特异性吸附能力,在60 min左右吸附饱和,饱和吸附量（Q_e）可达113.16 mg/g;MMIPs对MO的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级吸附动力学模型;在其他干扰染料的存在下,MMIPs的选择性系数（K）最高可达2.85,对MO具有选择识别性;此外,吸附完成后MMIPs可在磁场作用下快速分离,解吸附后循环使用5次,吸附率均在90%以上。     

Soybean oil-based thermoset reinforced with rosin-based monomer

A full bio-based cured resin was synthesized by copolymerization of acrylated-epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and 2-acrylamidoethyl dehydroabietic acid (DHA-HEMAA). The rigid rosin-based monomer 2-acrylamidoethyl dehydroabietic acid was first prepared from dehydroabietic acid and N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, which was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry techniques. The cured resin was then synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as using a Kruss tensiometer and a universal testing machine. The results indicated that the resin cured with rosin-based monomer exhibited excellent thermomechanical properties. The crosslink density and thermal stability of cured samples containing DHA-HEMAA at molar ratio between 10 and 30% were higher than those of AESO/DHA-HEMAA0 sample. With increasing DHA-HEMAA content, the glass transition temperature (T_g), elongation-at-break, and tensile strength of samples increased, in the stated order, from 16 to 38 °C, from 24 to 45.8%, and from 1.7 to 6.5 MPa. Due to DHA-HEMAA with a hydrophenanthrene structure, the θ values increased with the increase of DHA-HEMAA molar ratios. The full bio-based rosin thermosetting resins may have great potentials in practical application fields, such as coating, adhesive, and packaging materials.     

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

The acid curing agent content and foaming temperature could be reduced by improving the resol reactivity. In this study, highly active and solid phenol?resorcinol?formaldehyde copolymer resins (PRFRs) with different resorcinol/phenol (R /P ) molar ratios and formaldehyde/(phenol + resorcinol) [F /(P + R )] molar ratios were synthesized through the copolymerization of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and phenol. Phenol?resorcinol?formaldehyde foams (PRFFs) were prepared with synthetic PRFRs. The results showed that PRFR‐2 exhibited higher reactivity, faster curing speed, and better thermal stability. In addition, the foam produced with the PRFR‐2 had improved mechanical and flame retardation properties and a compressive strength of 0.18 MPa, a flexural strength of 0.25 MPa, and a limited oxygen index (LOI) greater than 37%. The increased reactivity of the PRFRs correlated with the changing mechanical properties of PRFFs because of the effects of resorcinol and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol and resorcinol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44881.     

二聚酸聚酯多元醇的合成

以二聚酸和甘油为反应原料,采用直接酯化和酯交换法合成二聚酸聚酯多元醇。实验发现,采用酯交换方法可以得到较高羟值的二聚酸双甘油酯。考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物摩尔比对酯交换反应结果的影响。所合成的二聚酸聚酯多元醇羟值240mg KOH／g。产物结构通过FT—IR进行确证。     

响应面优化碱醇预处理麦草酶解效率及木质素组分分离

采用氢氧化钠为催化剂,用乙醇对麦草进行预处理以提高其酶解糖化效率,并对降解溶出的碱醇木质素(AEL)进行回收提纯及结构表征,以实现麦草全组分高值化利用。基于Box-Behnken设计原理,选取预处理温度、碱用量和预处理时间为主要影响因素,采用响应面分析法优化了麦草秸秆碱醇预处理的工艺条件,建立了二次多项式数学模型。结果表明:3个因素对酶解率的影响大小依次为:碱用量>预处理温度>预处理时间。最佳预处理工艺为:预处理温度140℃,碱用量1.19%,预处理时间2.37 h;所得物料在pH4.8、加酶量20 FPU/g纤维素酶和20 IU/g β-葡萄糖苷酶、反应温度50℃的条件下酶解48 h,酶解总糖转化率为96.78%(以酶解底物为基准)。化学组分及扫描电镜分析表明,碱醇预处理可去除84.62%的木质素(以原料为基准),纤维致密结构被破坏,表面出现许多凹陷和裂缝,增加了酶对底物的可及性,提高了酶解效率。采用FT-IR对AEL进行结构表征,结果表明,AEL中除部分C-O-C键和C=O键发生断裂,其他基团得到了较好的保留,AEL作为预处理副产物具有较大的应用价值。     

我国松香改性产品及其应用的专利研究新进展

检索了近5年我国与松香有关的公开发明专利50余件,从松香制备精细化工产品、生物医药及生物农药产品、生物质材料和生物燃料的角度,对松香改性产品及其应用的专利研究进展进行了综述,并对松香产业的发展提出了展望。     

复合诱变选育衣康酸高产菌株的研究

采用紫外线-LiCl、硫酸二乙酯(DES)复合诱变,经平板菌落筛选、摇瓶筛选以及连续传代稳定性考察,从土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)2433出发菌株获得一株衣康酸高产突变株土曲霉At DES-11,其产酸量达到48.22 g/L,较出发菌株提高了156.08%;糖酸转化率为61.82%,较出发菌株提高了101.36%,且连续传代5次后,遗传性状仍较稳定,产酸量稳定在48 g/L左右,菌落及菌丝形态基本不变。     

木质素季铵盐-海藻酸钠聚合物负载阿维菌素粉体的制备及抗紫外光性能分析

以三甲基木质素季铵盐-海藻酸钠(QL-SA)为载体,用物理混合法制备了阿维菌素缓释聚合物(AVM-QL-SA),利用FT-IR对其结构进行了表征,探讨了交联剂用量、药物加入量、体系pH值等因素对载药量和包封率的影响,并对其缓释性能和抗紫外光降解进行了研究。结果表明:阿维菌素(AVM)均匀的混合在QL-SA载体中,主要以物理混合为主;最佳制备条件为:戊二醛为5%(以单体质量分数计)、药物加入量为1%(以单体质量分数计)、体系pH值为8.5,载药量和包封率分别达到1.36%和73.36%;阿维菌素缓释聚合物粒径符合正态分布,平均粒径为83.90 μm;阿维菌素缓释聚合物具有很好的缓释性能,在乙醇/水(体积比1:1)中释放30 h,累计释放率为88.97%;经8 h紫外光照射,阿维菌素原药中AVM残留量为6.24%,阿维菌素缓释聚合物中AVM残留量为37.75%,具有良好的抗紫外分解性能。     

稀土复合固体酸催化合成棕榈酸生物柴油的研究

用溶胶凝胶法制备稀土复合固体酸催化剂SO₄^2-/TiO₂/Ce⁴⁺,将其用于棕榈酸与甲醇的加压酯化反应.考察了不同制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,并对其结构进行表征.结果表明,在Ce⁴⁺浓度0.05 mol/L、H₂SO₄浓度1.38 mol/L、煅烧温度450 ℃和煅烧时间3 h的制备条件下,催化剂活性最高.棕榈酸与甲醇的加压酯化反应最佳工艺条件为:醇酸物质的量之比10:1、反应温度110 ℃、反应时间30 min、催化剂用量3%,此时转化率可达到96.33%.催化剂在重复使用4次后,转化率仍在50%以上.